Could the use of 'adapters' which fit into the chamber and swapping of the bolt, extractor and other parts allow firearms to use different calibers as long as the new cartridge is
45 COLT to .22 LR Caliber Adapter - Chamber Reducer - Stainless Set of 6
X-CALIBER Survival-Rifle Gauge Adapter System - Soldier Systems Daily
Miniature calibre (caliber) adapters and conversions
Chiappa X-Cal 20 Ga Adapter Set of 4 Inserts Case
26.5 mm to 22 lr Ammo Sub-Caliber Flare Gun Insert | FTF Industries Inc Firearms Parts & Accessories